Phone neck is the term for the postural pattern that develops from spending extended periods looking down at a screen, with the head pushed forward beyond the spine’s neutral position. In a neutral, balanced position, the head sits directly over the shoulders, and the cervical spine carries its load efficiently. As the chin drops toward the chest and the head drifts forward, the demands on the neck’s muscles and structures shift considerably.
The suboccipital muscles at the base of the skull contract and shorten. The upper trapezius and levator scapulae engage to support the increased forward load. Over weeks and months of repeated exposure, the muscles at the front of the neck weaken through underuse while the muscles at the back become chronically tense. The result is a neck that feels stiff, a head that feels heavy, and a posture that gradually shifts toward a rounded, forward bearing shape even when the screen is away.
The term covers the same pattern sometimes called text neck. Both describe the same underlying mechanism: sustained forward head carriage under load, repeated daily across years.